Unraveling Paget's Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

Paget's Disease of the Nipple is a rare form of breast cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and the areola.

Despite its infrequency, Paget's Disease of the Nipple is significant due to its impact on health and the potential for complications if left untreated.

While it only accounts for around 1-4% of all breast cancers, its presence can have profound implications on the affected individuals  well-being.

Causes of Paget's Disease Of The Nipple

Paget's Disease of the Nipple is believed to be linked to underlying breast cancer, although the exact causes are not fully understood.

• Genetic Mutations: Inherited genetic mutations, such as in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, can increase the risk of developing breast cancer, including Paget's Disease of the Nipple.
• Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): DCIS is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that can progress to invasive breast cancer, potentially leading to Paget's Disease of the Nipple.
• Hormonal Imbalance: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly estrogen, may play a role in the development of breast cancer, including Paget's Disease of the Nipple.
• Age and Gender: Being female and advancing age are significant risk factors for breast cancer, including Paget's Disease of the Nipple.

Symptoms of Paget's Disease Of The Nipple

Early Symptoms

• Itching or Redness: Early stages of Paget's Disease of the Nipple may present with persistent itching or redness on or around the nipple, which can impact daily activities due to discomfort.
• Flaking or Crusting: Skin changes such as flaking or crusting may occur, often mistaken for eczema or dermatitis, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Advanced Symptoms

• Ulceration or Bleeding: Advanced stages may show ulceration or bleeding from the nipple, causing physical discomfort and emotional distress due to the visible symptoms.
• Inverted Nipple: A nipple that becomes inverted or changes in appearance can be a sign of advanced Paget's Disease of the Nipple, highlighting the severity of the condition.

Diagnosis of Paget's Disease Of The Nipple

The diagnosis of Paget's Disease of the Nipple involves a comprehensive approach to confirm the presence of the disease and determine its extent:

• Mammogram: A mammogram is often the first step in detecting breast abnormalities, including changes in the nipple or areola.
• Biopsy: A biopsy is essential to confirm the presence of cancer cells in the affected area.
• MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be used to assess the extent of the disease and guide treatment decisions.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound can provide detailed images to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.

Treatment Options for Paget's Disease Of The Nipple

Treatment for Paget's Disease of the Nipple typically involves a combination of therapies tailored to the individual’s specific situation:

• Surgery: Surgical options may include lumpectomy, mastectomy, or nipple-sparing mastectomy, depending on the extent of the disease.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy may be used post-surgery to target any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be recommended for more aggressive forms of breast cancer, including Paget's Disease of the Nipple.