Hepatocellular carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a type of liver cancer that starts in the main type of liver cell, called hepatocytes. It is significant because it is the most common form of primary liver cancer. This cancer is prevalent worldwide, with higher rates in regions where hepatitis B and C are common. Understanding the risk factors and symptoms is crucial for early detection and treatment. If you have a history of liver diseases or other risk factors, regular screenings can help in early diagnosis and better outcomes.

Causes of Hepatocellular carcinoma

• Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C viruses
• Heavy alcohol consumption over a long period
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
• Exposure to aflatoxins in contaminated foods
• Hemochromatosis (excessive iron storage in the liver)
• Primary biliary cirrhosis

Symptoms of Hepatocellular carcinoma

Recognizing the symptoms of Hepatocellular carcinoma early is crucial as it can significantly impact treatment outcomes. Early detection allows for timely intervention and appropriate management, potentially improving prognosis and quality of life for individuals affected by this type of liver cancer.

• Unexplained weight loss
• Abdominal pain or tenderness
• Swelling in the abdomen
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue or weakness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Unusual itching
• Changes in stool color

Diagnosis of Hepatocellular carcinoma

Accurate diagnosis of Hepatocellular carcinoma is crucial for timely treatment and better outcomes. The diagnostic process typically involves various methods to confirm the presence of liver cancer. Imaging studies like CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound help visualize the tumor. Blood tests for alpha-fetoprotein levels and liver function assess liver health and tumor markers. Liver biopsy is often necessary to confirm cancerous cells. Accurate diagnosis guides treatment decisions, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or liver transplant, improving patient prognosis and quality of life.

• Imaging studies like CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound
• Blood tests for alpha-fetoprotein levels and liver function
• Liver biopsy

Treatment Options for Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be treated using various approaches, with individualized care being crucial for better outcomes.

Surgery

• Surgical removal of the tumor.
• To eliminate cancer cells and prevent spread.
• Main goal is to cure the cancer.
• Includes pre-operative evaluation, surgery, and post-operative care.

Chemotherapy

• Uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
• Targets rapidly dividing cells.
• Primary objective is to shrink tumors or slow down their growth.
• May involve multiple cycles of treatment.

Radiofrequency Ablation

• Destroys cancer cells with heat.
• Effective for small tumors.
• Aims to eradicate the tumor.
• Involves inserting a probe into the tumor and applying heat.

Prevention and Management of Hepatocellular carcinoma

When it comes to preventing or managing Hepatocellular carcinoma, lifestyle changes and proactive measures play a crucial role. Here's how you can make a difference:

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
• Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
• Avoid exposure to toxins like aflatoxins and chemicals.

Regular Screenings:

• Undergo regular screenings for Hepatocellular carcinoma, especially if you have risk factors like hepatitis B or C.
• Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes.
• Discuss screening options with your healthcare provider.

Supportive Care:

• Seek emotional and psychological support to cope with the challenges of managing Hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Engage in support groups to connect with others facing similar experiences.
• Follow your healthcare provider's recommendations for treatment and follow-up care.

If you’ve been having any symptoms or worries about Hepatocellular carcinoma, please reach out to our doctors. They will listen to your concerns, answer your questions and guide you through the next steps.