Unveiling Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Facts & Insights

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the cells covering the outer surface of the ovaries. It is the most common type of ovarian cancer and has significant implications for women's health.

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with epithelial ovarian cancer accounting for the majority of cases.

The impact of this cancer on health is profound, affecting essential functions such as hormone regulation, reproductive health, and overall well-being.

In the short term, untreated epithelial ovarian cancer can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

In advanced stages, it can result in metastasis to other organs, causing severe complications and reducing the chances of successful treatment. Long-term risks include cancer recurrence, decreased quality of life, and potential mortality if the cancer remains untreated.

One of the challenges of epithelial ovarian cancer is its asymptomatic nature in the early stages, highlighting the importance of early detection through regular screenings and awareness campaigns.

Causes of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

• Genetic Mutations: Genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, can increase the risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer. These mutations impact the body's ability to repair damaged DNA, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
• Age: Advanced age is a significant risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer. As women age, the ovaries may undergo changes that make them more susceptible to cancer development.
• Reproductive Factors: Factors such as early onset of menstruation, late menopause, and never having been pregnant can influence hormonal levels and increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
• Family History: Having a family history of ovarian cancer or certain other cancers can predispose individuals to developing epithelial ovarian cancer due to shared genetic factors.

Secondary Risk Factors

• Obesity: Obesity is linked to hormonal imbalances that can promote the growth of ovarian cancer cells.
• Smoking: Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens that can damage ovarian tissue and increase the risk of cancer development.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins or pollutants may contribute to the development of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Symptoms of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Early Symptoms

• Abdominal Bloating: Persistent bloating can impact daily activities and may be mistaken for digestive issues, delaying diagnosis.
• Pelvic Pain: Chronic pelvic pain can affect energy levels and quality of life, often overlooked or attributed to other conditions.

Advanced Symptoms

• Ascites: Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen can cause discomfort, difficulty breathing, and emotional distress.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden weight loss can signify advanced disease progression and impact physical and emotional well-being.

Diagnosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Diagnostic Tests:

• Pelvic Examination: A physical exam to detect any abnormalities in the ovaries or surrounding structures.
• Transvaginal Ultrasound: Imaging test using sound waves to create detailed images of the ovaries and detect any abnormalities.
• CA-125 Blood Test: Measures the level of a protein that may be elevated in the presence of ovarian cancer.
• Biopsy: Removal of tissue for examination under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment Options for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Medications: Chemotherapy drugs are commonly used to kill cancer cells and prevent their growth and spread. Targeted therapy drugs may also be prescribed to target specific cancer cell markers.

Dietary Modifications: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can support overall health and aid in recovery from cancer treatments. Limiting processed foods and sugar intake can help reduce inflammation and support the immune system.

Physical Activity: Regular exercise can improve physical strength, reduce fatigue, and enhance overall well-being during and after cancer treatment. Engaging in activities like walking, yoga, or swimming can help maintain muscle mass and reduce stress.